Akkermansia Muciniphila is a bacteria that has a inverse positive relation with immune-checkpoint-blockade vs. cancer. And the bacteria is related to the 'rescue' of CD8+ lymphocytes.

1. Landscape of tumoral ecosystem for enhanced anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by gut Akkermansia muciniphila.

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2. PD-1 immunotherapy by gut Akkermansia muciniphila.

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3. Akkermansia supplementation reverses

the tumor-promoting effect of the fecal microbiota

transplantation in ovarian cancer

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4. Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Alantolactone works as a intracellular selective STAT3 Inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. It also affects the YAP/TAZ pathway.

1.Alantolactone: A Natural Plant Extract as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer.

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2. A comprehensive review of anticancer mechanisms of action of Alantolactone.

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3. Alantolactone inhibits cervical cancer progression by downregulating BMI1.

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4. Alantolactone induces apoptosis, promotes STAT3 glutathionylation and enhances chemosensitivity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells to doxorubicin via oxidative stress.

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Apigenin belongs to the group of flavones and can be found in fruits and vegetables. 

Apigenin has anti-cancer effects such as: triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and stimulating an immune response.

1. Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action.

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2. Does Oral Apigenin Have Real Potential for a Therapeutic Effect in the Context of Human Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers?

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3. Inhibitory Effects of Apigenin on Tumor Carcinogenesis by Altering the Gut Microbiota.

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4. Immunomodulatory potential of natural products from herbal medicines as immune checkpoints inhibitors: Helping to fight against cancer via multiple targets.

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Astralagus membranaceus has distinctive anti-cancer properties.

Studies have shown that the active ingredients of AM and AM-based TCMs, combined with chemotherapy, can enhance anti-tumor efficacy in cancer patients. Such in addition to reduce complications and avoid side effects induced by chemotherapy. 

By using various cancer models and cell lines, AM has been found to be capable of shrinking or stabilizing tumors by direct anti-proliferation or pro-apoptosis effect on tumor cells. 

Further, AM ameliorates immunosuppression by activating M1 macrophages and T cells tumor-kill function in tumor microenvironment (TME). 

AM is also found to improve systemic immunity which may help promoting efficacy of chemotherapy and preventing metastasis. 

1. Anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and its specific immunopotentiation: Status and prospect.

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2. The anti-cancerous activity of adaptogenic herb Astragalus membranaceus.

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3. Strong Synergic Growth Inhibition and Death Induction of Cancer Cells by Astragalus membranaceus and Vaccaria hispanica Extract.

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4. Astragalus membranaceus: A Traditional Chinese Medicine with Multifaceted Impacts on Breast Cancer Treatment.

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Camu Camu or Myrciaria dubia, a fruit from the Amazon region, seems to have unique immuno-stimulative and anti-cancer properties.

Camu Camu may modulate the microbiome, synergizing with ICIs to produce deep, durable responses with minimal irAEs.

Camu Camu also has a stimulating effect on gut microbiota.

1. Two Cases of Durable and Deep Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-Refractory Metastatic Melanoma after Addition of Camu Camu Prebiotic.

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2. Boosting the immunotherapy response by nutritional interventions.

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3. A Natural Polyphenol Exerts Antitumor Activity and Circumvents Anti–PD-1 Resistance through Effects on the Gut Microbiota.

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4. Camu-camu decreases hepatic steatosis and liver injury markers in overweight, hypertriglyceridemic individuals: A randomized crossover trial.

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Chaga or Inonotus Obliquus has been part of traditional folk medicine in Nordic regions like Siberia.

Chaga has anti-cancer properties by, for instance, activity by down-regulation of the beta-catenin pathway, reduced cell viability and proliferation of cancer cells while arresting their cell cycle via suppression of STAT3 activity etc.

1. Inonotus obliquus – from folk medicine to clinical use.

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2. Chaga mushroom triterpenoids as adjuncts to minimally invasive cancer therapies: A review.

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3. A brief overview of the medicinal and nutraceutical importance of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) mushrooms.

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4. Chemical Content and Cytotoxic Activity on Various Cancer Cell Lines of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) Growing on Betula pendula and Betula pubescens.

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Clostridium butyricum is a strictly anaerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive butyric acid–producing bacillus subsisting by means of fermentation. The bacteria has indirect anti-cancer properties. 

1. Therapeutic potential of Clostridium butyricum anticancer effects in colorectal cancer.

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2. Clostridium butyricum therapy restores the decreased efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in lung cancer patients receiving proton pump inhibitors.

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3. Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota.

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4. Clostridium butyricum inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition of intestinal carcinogenesis through downregulating METTL3.

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Fisetin is a so called plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols.

It occurs in many plants where it serves as a yellow pigment. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, such as apples, strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions, and cucumbers.

The anticancer properties of fisetin can be attributed to a variety of molecules and signaling pathways, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2/HO-1.

1. Biological effects and mechanisms of fisetin in cancer: a promising anti-cancer agent.

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2. Fisetin induces DNA double-strand break and interferes with the repair of radiation-induced damage to radiosensitize triple negative breast cancer cells.

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3. Cancer chemopreventive role of fisetin: Regulation of cell signaling pathways in different cancers.

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4. Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activity of Fisetin on Glioblastoma Cells.

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum is also called jiaogulan, is a dioecious, herbaceous climbing vine of the family Cucurbitaceae (cucumber or gourd family) widely distributed in South and East Asia as well as New Guinea.

Jiaogulan is used to make a sweet tea and is applied in Chinese traditional medicine.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum  has potent anti-cancer properties, as it  induces apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhances T-cell antitumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains also a subtance called Damulin B.

Damulin B exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect, as evidenced by the increase of apoptosis rate, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), generation of reactive oxygen species, and G0/G1 phase arrest.

Furthermore, damulin B activated the following: both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways along with early G1 phase arrest via the upregulation of the Bax, Bid, tBid, cleaved caspase-8, and p53 expression levels; downregulation of the procaspase-8/-9, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1 expression levels; and more release of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm. In addition, antimigratory activities and suppressive effects on metastasis-related factors, such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, accompanied by the upregulation of IL-24 were revealed.

1, Inhibitory Effect of Damulin B from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on Human Lung Cancer Cells.

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2. Gypenoside induces apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhances T-cell antitumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 in gastric cancer.

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3. Molecular Mechanisms of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Prevention and Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

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4. Gypenosides, the cancer buster from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Makino and the apoptotic pathways: a review.

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Oenothera biennis or the common evening-primrose. It is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae, native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas. In Europe the plant is also widely spread. Evening primrose oil is produced from the plant.

Oenothera biennis has anti-cancer properties via its active compound oenothein B. 

Oenothein B effectively hindered the molecular interaction between hPD-L1 and hPD-1. 

1. Uncovering the colorectal cancer immunotherapeutic potential: Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) root extract and its active compound oenothein B targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

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2. Evening Primrose Oil effects in human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma cell lines.

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3. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial efficacy of the compounds isolated from the roots of Oenothera biennis L.

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4. Evening primrose seed extract rich in polyphenols modulates the invasiveness of colon cancer cells by regulating the TYMS expression.

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Physalis Peruviana is a species of plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and it is native to Chile and Peru. In English, its common names include Cape gooseberry, goldenberry and Peruvian groundcherry.

Physalis Peruviana has anti-cancer properties as it induces apoptosis, cytotoxicity, inhibits proliferation and inducing caspase activity, leading to apoptosis.

1. Physalis peruviana-Derived Physapruin A (PHA) Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Induces Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. 

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2. Golden berry 4β-hydroxywithanolide E prevents tumor necrosis factor α-induced procoagulant activity with enhanced cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells.

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3. Physalis peruviana L.: applicability perspective in cancer treatment.

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4. Aqueous extracts of Physalis peruviana L. fruit promote apoptosis by overexpression of caspases 9/3 and balancing the redox profile of cutaneous melanoma cells.

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Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. Quercetin is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, red onions and kale. 

Quercetin has anti-cancer properties as it targets the VEGFR-2-mediated angiogenesis pathway, suppressing the downstream regulatory component AKT in prostate and breast malignancies.

Furthermore, quercetin, even at a low dose  exerted cancer cell-specific inhibition of proliferation and this inhibition resulted from cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. 

Quercetin induced p21 CDK inhibitor with a concomitant decrease of phosphorylation of pRb, which inhibits the G1/S cell cycle progression by trapping E2F1. 

A low dose of quercetin induced mild DNA damage and Chk2 activation, which is the main regulator of p21 expression by quercetin. In addition, quercetin down-regulated the cyclin B1 and CDK1, essential components of G2/M cell cycle progression. 

Quercetin is also involved in inhibition of the recruitment of key transcription factor NF-Y to cyclin B1 gene promoter and led to transcriptional inhibition. 

Quercetin is capable of inhibiting the critical YY1 protein. 

1. The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

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2. Anticancer and apoptosis inducing potential of quercetin against a wide range of human malignancies.

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3. Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis.

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4. Quercetin Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells via Directly Interacting with YY1 to Disrupt YY1-p53 Interaction.

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Rehmannia glutinosa is a flowering broomrape, and one of the 50 essential herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name shēng dì huáng. 

Rehmannia glutinosas has anti-cancer properties by activating Natural Killer cells and other immunstimulating effects. 

Rehmannia Glutinosas containst verbascoside, which has powerful anti-cancer properties.

1. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide induced an anti-cancer effect by activating natural killer cells.

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2. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells.

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3. Structural changes, and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer potential of polysaccharides from multiple processing of Rehmannia glutinosa.

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4. Verbascoside—A Review of Its Antitumor Activities.

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Rutin is the glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. It is a flavonoid glycoside found in a wide variety of plants, including citrus.

Rutin has remarkable anti-cancer properties as it can stop cell progression and it can block the interaction between TIGIT and CD155. 

TIGIT and CD155 are highly promising tartgets in anti-cancer therarpies. 

1. Identification of two potential small-molecules that inhibit the CD155/TIGIT

pathway in human astrocytoma.

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2. Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Rutin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

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3. Rutin suppresses the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

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4. Rutin Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Upregulating miRNA-877-3p Expression.

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Sophora Flavescence is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species. It mainly occurs in India, Japan, Korea and Russia.

Sophora Flavescence has anti-cancer properties via it active ingredient Matrine. It can restrain (cervical) cancer cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, induce apoptosis through stimulation of Bax and E-cadherin,  inhibit metastasis and suppression of Bcl-2, cyclin A, MMP2. 

Further study shows that sophora gels may regulate the cervical cancer cells via the suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Induction of ferroptosis is also seen.

1. Matrine induces ferroptosis in cervical cancer through activation of piezo1 channel.

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2. Src acts as the target of matrine to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by regulating phosphorylation signaling pathways. 

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3. Matrine induces caspase-independent program cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma through bid-mediated nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor.

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4. Matrine exerts an anti-tumor effect via regulating HN1 in triple breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.

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